Drying of Lipid Systems Loaded with Phytochemicals

Résumé fourni par la source

Lipid-based formulations are effective delivery systems for phytochemicals that are poorly soluble in water, sensitive to light, oxidation, and hydrolysis, enhancing their absorption and bioavailability. However, liquid lipid formulations are thermodynamically unstable systems since oil and water are immiscible phases. Drying is a strategy to improve the stability of lipid-based systems. The lipid formulation should be properly designed to confer protection to active phytochemicals. Important aspects to consider are the type of lipid, the emulsifiers, wall material, and the emulsification process. Physicochemical characterisation of the formulations such as particle size, morphology, charge, and structural conformation provides information on the lipidic system’s stability before and after the drying process. Drying methods such as spray drying, fluidised-bed drying, and freeze-drying could be employed for lipid-based formulations loaded with phytochemicals. The concentration of markers’ phytochemicals must be monitored over the process to guarantee the required concentration in the finished product. Spray drying is one of the most employed methods to produce powdered lipid formulations due to the easy scaling-up, simplicity, and low cost. This chapter focuses on important aspects of the production of dry lipid-based systems loaded with phytochemicals. In the end, a case study of spray drying of Syzygium aromaticum lipidic systems is presented, describing the formulation components’ selection, the homogenising- and drying processes, and product characterisation.

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