Evaluation of the prevalence of non-diabetic eye disease detected at first screen from a single region diabetic retinopathy screening program: a cross-sectional cohort study in Auckland, New Zealand

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of incidental non-diabetic ocular comorbidities detected at first screen in a large diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programme. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: Single large metropolitan diabetic eye screening programme in Auckland, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one participants who attended screening from September 2008 to August 2018. RESULTS: Hypertensive retinopathy (HTR) was observed in 14.2% (3236/22 771) participants. Drusen were present in 14.0% participants under the age of 55 years, increasing to 20.5% in those 55 years and older. The prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was 0.5% in participants aged<55 years, 2.4% in participants aged 55-75 years and 16% in participants aged>75 years. Retinal vein occlusion and retinal arterial embolus were prevalent in 0.7% and 0.02%, respectively, in participants aged<55 years, increasing to 2.2% and 0.4%, respectively, in those >75 years. Cataracts were common being present in 37.1% of participants over the age of 75 years. Only 386 individuals (1.7%) were labelled as glaucoma suspects. Geographic atrophy, epiretinal membrane, choroidal nevi and posterior capsular opacification had an increased prevalence in older individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that AMD, HTR and cataracts are routinely detected during DR screening. The incorporation of the detection of these ocular comorbidities during DR screening provide opportunities for patients to modify risk factors (smoking cessation and diet for AMD, blood pressure for HTR) and allow access to cataract surgery.

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