First-level trigger systems for LHC experiments

Le résumé fourni par la source

Evaluate the performance of the muon trigger prototype in the RD5 test beam.Since the last status report, two new groups have joined the collaboration: the group from University of Wisconsin led by Wesley Smith and the group from INFN/Rome-2 led by R. Cardarelli.The Wisconsin group is studying calorimeter trigger processors, while the Rome-2 group is studying muon triggers.Members of RD27 have been very active during the last year in the preparation of the technical proposals for both ATLAS [5] and CMS [6].In particular, the design work for the ATLAS calorimeter, muon and central trigger processors, and for the CMS calorimeter trigger processor, was performed by RD27 groups.Members of RD27 (N.Ellis and W. Smith) are the trigger coordinators for the two proposed LHC experiments.Members of RD27 have also continued to contribute to the development of the optical Timing, Trigger and Control (TTC) distribution system [7] which, following a decision in the last DRDC review of RD27, is now funded only through RD12.Latency stability has been studied, encoder jitter and laser transmitter performance have been improved, the functionality of the timing receiver ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) has been enhanced, and its development by CERN Microelectronics Group is now well advanced.Both ATLAS and CMS Technical Proposals have specified implementation of the RD12/RD27 TTC system, and close contacts will be maintained to ensure efficient integration of the system with the overall trigger and DAQ systems.RD27 has been found to be a very useful forum for exchanging ideas between ATLAS and CMS, including detailed reviews of the different designs, comparison of algorithms and cross-checking of trigger-rate calculations.In some areas, for example fast, synchronous optical data-transmission to the calorimeter trigger processors, there is close collaboration within RD27 between members of the two LHC experiments.Other areas where members of ATLAS and CMS will collaborate closely are in evaluating high-speed transmission-line backplanes and high-density connectors, and comparing different ASIC technologies (full custom and gate arrays) and manufacturers.We also consider the possibility of using some ASICs (or custom cells) in the trigger processors for both the experiments.In this document we report on the work that has been performed and propose a programme of R&D for the next 12 months.We discuss in turn the calorimeter, muon and central trigger processors, and suggest milestones for the coming year.

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