Toxicities of RDX or TNT Freshly Amended or Weathered-and-Aged in Five Natural Soils to the Collembolan Folsomia candida

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Abstract : The toxicities of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to Folsomia candida (Collembola) were investigated using an ISO 11267:1998 test. Studies were designed to identify and characterize soil physicochemical parameters that may affect the acute (adult mortality) and chronic (reproduction) toxicities of TNT and RDX to F. candida and also to generate ecotoxicological benchmarks for development of ecological soil screening levels for risk assessments of contaminated soils. Soils studied included Teller and Sassafras sandy loams (TSL and SSL, respectively) and Richfield, Kirkland, and Webster clay loams (RCL, KCL, and WCL, respectively). Based on the effective concentrations for 50% of the population (EC50 values), for TNT weathered-and-aged in soil, chronic toxicity to F. candida was in the order KCL RCL TSL WCL SSL, and for RDX weathered-and-aged in soil, the order was RCL WCL TSL KCL SSL. Organic matter was the dominant soil property that mitigated TNT toxicity for adult survival in freshly amended soil; soil pH correlated strongly with acute toxicity benchmarks (the effective concentrations for 20% of the population [EC20 values] for adult survival) for RDX freshly amended in soil. These correlations were not sustained after weathering-and-aging of TNT or RDX in soil.

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