Urinary Tract Calculi

Le résumé fourni par la source

Urinary stones (calculi) are rare in children but their incidence is increasing in developed countries and they can give rise to significant morbidity. The estimated annual incidence of urinary calculi in children in the UK is around 50 per 100,000. The risk of kidney stones appears to be higher amongst boys in the first decade of life, but higher in girls in the second decade. Urinary calculi are composed of crystalline and matrix components in varying proportions. Matrix, a gelatinous glycoprotein, is a particular feature of infective stones which are typically whitish and chalky and crumble easily. Approximately 1–2% of renal calculi are drug induced as a consequence of increased urinary excretion of solute (e.g. with loop diuretics) or decreased excretion of inhibitory substances (e.g. with topiramate for the management of epilepsy). Predisposing urological abnormalities can be identified in approximately 20–30% of children with urinary calculi.

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