Long-term Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Patients Diagnosed with Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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Purpose: To evaluate long-term clinical outcomes of patients with central retinal artery occlusion and to investigate factors associated with visual recovery.Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 31 patients with central retinal artery occlusion.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to degree of vascular occlusion: incomplete, subtotal, total.Visual acuity was classified as finger counting or worse, 0.02 or better and worse than 0.1, and 0.1 or better.The proportions of patients in these 3 groups at diagnosis were compared to those at the final follow-up.In addition, factors associated with visual recovery were investigated.Results: The mean follow-up period was 40.0 ± 22.0 months.According to degree of vascular occlusion, 10 patients were incomplete, 17 were subtotal, and 4 were total.During the follow-up period, visual acuity was recovered in 14 patients, maintained in 6, and deteriorated in 11.At diagnosis, visual acuity was finger counting or worse in 77.4% of patients, 0.02 or better and worse than 0. 1 in 22.6%, and 0. 1 or better in 0. At the final visit, these proportions changed to 58.1%, 22.6%, and 19.4% (p = 0.013), respectively.Visual recovery was limited with greater degree of occlusion (p = 0.004).Conclusions: During the follow-up period, visual recovery was noted in 45% of patients with central retinal artery occlusion.Degree of vascular occlusion was identified as a factor predictive of visual recovery.

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