Osteoporosis and recent-onset diabetes after liver transplantation: A common link?

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Background/Introduction: Low bone mass density associated disorders, such as osteoporosis, affect millions of people worldwide and result in a massive economic burden for society.Current therapeutics are limited and have issues related to costs, efficacy and long-term use.Although still largely unexplored, marine biodiversity represents a promising source of natural bioactives, in particular compounds with the capacity to improve skeletal status that can be used for the development of the next generation of therapies.It is therefore of utmost interest to screen marine resources for osteoactive compounds.Purpose: Using several in vivo zebrafish screening systems, as an alternative to lower troughput mammalian systems, this study aimed to identify marine osteogenic extracts and evaluate their effect on bone growth and mineralization.Methods: Extracts and fractions derived from a variety of marine organisms -cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, planctomycetes, microalgae, seaweeds and halophytes -were prepared using different solvents and assessed for their capacity to increase the growth of the opercular bone 1 , de novo bone formation 2 and the extracellular matrix mineralization 3 .Results: From a total of 160 fractions evaluated, 24 were shown to increase up to 60% the opercular area of zebrafish larvae and 10 were selected and further tested for their effect on bone regeneration.From those, 6 remarkably increased the mineralized area of newly formed rays, but also affected thickness and patterning.Fractions were additionally tested in vitro and several of them were found to stimulate (up to 3.5 folds) extracellular matrix mineralization.Conclusion(s): Our data confirms the potential of marine organisms as a source of osteogenic and mineralogenic compounds, but also the suitability of the zebrafish as a first approach for bioactive screening.Promising extracts are being fractionated towards the identification of osteoactive compounds.

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