In vitro Antifilarial Activities of Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Aloe vera (l.) Burm. F. (xanthorrhoeaceae), on the Bovine Parasite Onchocerca ochengi and on Drug Resistant Strains of the Free-living Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

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Medicinal Plants play an important role in the health care of the world population.It is estimated that more than half of medicinal drugs originates from plants.The filariasis are considered as serious threats to human and animal health.The aim of this work is to assess the antifilarial activities of ethanol extraction in Aloe vera leaves on Onchocerca ochengi and Caenorhabditis elegans and to determine its main phytochemical compounds.The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Applied Zoology a Department of the Biological Sciences of the University of Ngaoundere.Nodules were sampled from the umbilical region of the infected cattle, dissected and the male worms were cultured in RPMI-1640.They were incubated with different concentrations of the plant extracts/reference drugs in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin .C. elegans was incubated at 18°C with plant extract or drugs in M9-medium and the culture monitored at 48 h and 72 h.The worm viability was assessed biochemically using the dimethylthiazol (MTT) formazan assay.Acute toxicity on Witar rats (Rattus norvegicus) and phytochemical compounds were determined.Ethanolic extracts of A. vera leaves killed O. ochengi with dose independent manner with LC50 of 21.69 ± 1.19 and 14.49 ± 1.36 µg/mL after 48 and 72 h of incubation.The lowest concentration required to inhibit worms activities (wild-type C. elegans) by 50% were 630 ± 0.72 and 500 ± 0.65 µg/mL after 48 and 72 h.That extract contains polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins.Its respective content was: 1290 ± 0.063; 376.74 ± 0.04; 15.97 ± 0.014 and 0.18 ± 0.0 mg/g.For acute toxicity, no signs of toxicity are recorded at the dose of 3000 mg/kg and there is no rat death.Finally, an interesting antifilarial activity was observed.A. vera could then be a potential source of natural antifilarial and anti-onchocerciasis.

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