The role of sterile chitosan-based dressing in reducing complications related to a peripherally inserted central catheter in patients with hematological tumors

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BACKGROUND: Intravenous chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for hematological tumors, a major threat to human health and life. Due to its safety, comfort, and convenience, a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is the preferred route of administration of intravenous chemotherapy. However, some PICC-related complications are drawing increasing attention. In this study, we investigated the use and role of sterile chitosan-based dressing in PICC-related complications in patients with hematological tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 205 patients with hematological tumors who had a PICC placed. The patients were divided into two groups, the observation group (sterile chitosan-based dressing, n=105) and the control group (sterile gauze dressing; n=100). The incidences of bleeding, infection, poor healing, and phlebitis, as well as the risk of bleeding, infection, and poor healing at the puncture site within a week of PICC placement, were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall incidences of bleeding, infection, and poor healing were, respectively, 42.9%, 6.7%, and 6.7% in the observation group and 63.0%, 22.0%, and 34% in the control group (all P<0.05). The risk of local bleeding was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [odds ratio (OR) 0.366; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.211-0.634; P<0.001]. The risk of local bleeding was significantly higher in the platelets <50×109/L group than in the platelets >100×109/L group (OR 3.068; 95% CI: 1.397-6.740; P=0.005), while no significant difference was observed in the risk of bleeding between the platelets 50×109-100×109/L group and the platelets >100×109/L group (OR 0.839; 95% CI: 0.404-1.742; P=0.638). The risk of infection (OR 0.214; 95% CI: 0.088-0.522; P<0.001) and the risk of poor healing (OR 0.139; 95% CI: 0.058-0.331; P<0.001) were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with hematological tumors, sterile chitosan-based dressing after PICC placement reduces the risk of bleeding and infection and promotes healing at the puncture site.

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