Genome-wide identification of ZIP gene family members in wheat

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Abstract Background: The plant ZIP (Zn-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein) transporter family is one of the most essential gene families regulating the uptake, transport and accumulation of microelements, which play important roles in plant growth, development and biofortification. Although the ZIP family has been systematically studied in many plant species, the significance of this family in wheat is not well understood at present. Results: Through a genome-wide search based on the latest wheat reference sequence (IWGSC_V1.1), 58 TaZIP genes were identified. Most of these genes were represented by two to three homoalleles, which were named TaZIP_-A, TaZIP_-B, TaZIP_-D, Protein structure analysis revealed that most TaZIP proteins contain more than six transmembrane (TM) domains and that the distance between TM-3 and TM-4 is variable. Furthermore, the TaZIP proteins clustered into four groups in a phylogenetic tree, and the proteins belonging to the same group shared similar exon-intron structures and conserved motifs. Expression pattern analysis revealed that most TaZIP genes were significantly highly expressed in root, and that nine TaZIP genes were up-regulated at the grain filling stage. When exposed to ZnSO4 and FeCl 3 solutions, TaZIP genes showed different expression patterns, and 16 TaZIP genes were identified as candidate high-affinity Zn transporter genes and 23 as low-affinity Zn transporter genes. Finally, using yeast complementation analysis three TaZIP genes were demonstrated to have the capacity to transport Zn and Fe.Conclusion: This study systematically analyzed the genomic organization, gene structures and expression profiles of TaZIPs. The findings not only provide candidates for further functional analysis, but also contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory roles of ZIPs in wheat.

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