Infectivity of Norovirus GI and GII from Bottled Mineral Water during a Waterborne Outbreak, Spain

Le résumé fourni par la source

H uman noroviruses are a major agent of acute gastroenteritis, are distributed worldwide, and affect all age groups (1).One of the largest outbreaks of infection with norovirus, caused by consumption of contaminated bottled spring water, occurred in Spain during 2016 and affected >4,100 persons (2).Multiple genotypes (GI.2, GII.2, GII.4, and GII.17) were identified among patients, and high levels of norovirus genomes were quantified in contaminated water coolers.Differences in susceptibility to infections with different genotypes have been described and depend on expression of histoblood group antigens (3), for which expression is determined primarily by the FUT2 gene.Although secretor-negative persons are resistant to several norovirus genotypes (3), symptomatic infections in nonsecretors have been documented for GI.3, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, GII.7, GII.4, and GII.17 (3).These differences, which are based on host genetic susceptibility, partially hamper development of dose-response models.Noroviruses are highly infectious, although infectivity might vary between genotypes, and data on

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