Association between Serum Anti-Diphtheria Toxoid Antibodies and Drinking Water Arsenic Exposure in a Prospective Birth Cohort in Rural Bangladesh

Le résumé fourni par la source

Background. There is evidence that arsenic exposure in early life modulates humoral immunity.Objective. We examined the association between drinking water arsenic concentrations to diphtheria vaccine-antibody concentrations measured at age 5.Methods. A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited in Bangladesh (2008-2011). Drinking water arsenic was measured at ≤16 weeks gestation, <1 month birth, between ages 20 to 40 months, and between ages 4 to 5 years, in a total of 510 children. Serum was collected from children at age 5. Concentrations of anti-diphtheria toxoid IgG antibody were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Antibody concentrations below 0.1 IU/mL were considered insufficient for long-term clinical protection. Linear and logistic regression models assessed the association between vaccine antibody and arsenic concentrations.Results. We found negative associations between arsenic exposure and concentrations of vaccine antibodies. The largest effects occurred with exposures measured during the in utero and neonatal periods. A 1-unit increase in natural log maternal water arsenic at ≤16 weeks gestation was associated with 9.9% greater odds of insufficient clinical titers of anti-diphtheria antibody compared to being clinically protected (Odds Ratio(OR): 1.10, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.00, 1.21). After adjusting for paternal income, maternal education, breastfeeding duration, birth type, sex, child age, and BMI at blood draw, this association was attenuated where a 1-unit increase in natural log maternal drinking water arsenic at ≤16 weeks gestation was associated with a 4.3% greater odds of insufficient clinical titers of diphtheria antibody compared to being clinically protected (OR: 1.04, CI: 0.93, 1.17).Conclusion. This study provides preliminary evidence early life arsenic exposure is associated with a decreased likelihood of clinically protective levels of serum antibody to diphtheria, despite appropriate immunization.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.