Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): Recent Trends and Relevance from Immunological Perspective

Le résumé fourni par la source

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was first appreciated in mice as a set of proteins, encoded by closely linked genes on chromosome 17, that serve as the major targets for the rejection of skin grafts. Humans were subsequently shown also to have MHC antigens, which are homologous to those found in the mouse but are encoded in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on the short arm of chromosome 6. The essential role of the HLA antigens lies in the induction and regulation of the immune response and defense against microorganisms. There are three Class II MHC proteins in humans: HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR. The molecules of all classes are active in antigen recognition and help focus immune defenses during invasions from the microbial world. The nomenclature of the HLA system is coordinated through the World Health Organization Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.

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