Cardiovascular Disease in Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Introduction: Chronic inflammatory states increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is one such state. With IBD on the rise globally, data assessing cardiovascular disease trends in IBD patients is necessary. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005-2014. We used the ICD-9 code system to identify hospitalized patients diagnosed with IBD as one of their top 10 discharge diagnosis. Hospitalizations in IBD patients were considered cardiovascular disease-related when venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) were one of the top 3 discharge diagnoses. Logistic regression in SPSS was used for data trend analyses. Results: A total of 2,700,893 (weighted) IBD patients were included with a mean age of 50.2 + 20.1 years. This population was predominantly Caucasian (83.5%). Cardiovascular disease (VTE, Stroke or MI) was primary discharge diagnosis in 2.42%, with VTE (1.35%) being more common than stroke (0.04%) or MI (1.05%). Analysis over a 10-year period demonstrates rising incidence of cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in IBD patients (Figure 1). While there is overall increase in VTE, stroke and MI, VTE remains the most significant contributor to cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in IBD patients.579 Figure 1. Increasing Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Hospitalized IBD Patients Over a 10-year Period.Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease-related hospitalizations are increasing in IBD patients. VTE remains the most common cause of cardiovascular disease in IBD patients, but stroke and MI are also increasing. As IBD increases worldwide, awareness of this pattern is necessary to enact cardiovascular disease preventative strategies in this population.

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