Comparison of Neutrophil Function in Diabetic and Non Diabetic with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Patients and to compare this study in Healthy Control Group

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BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk for periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patient is greater than non diabetics. Diabetes mellitus is now documented to significantly enhance susceptibility to severe periodontitis. Increased susceptibility to periodontitis has been associated with impaired neutrophil function in diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study are to compare the neutrophil function in diabetic and non diabetic patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients and to compare this study in control group. AIM OF THE STUDY: To assess neutrophil function i.e. Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis and Specific Granule Release in Diabetic and Non Diabetic patients with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 60 patients were selected to participate in the study which was divided into four groups. These patients were selected according to clinical and radiographic criteria. Blood samples from 60 patients were collected after drawing 5ml peripheral venous blood and then various assays were carried out to assess the neutrophil functions mentioned above. Statistical analysis of the results was done using ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test. RESULTS: It was found that defective chemotaxis present in diabetic and in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. Defective phagocytosis was observed in diabetic, generalized chronic, and in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. And defective specific granule release assay was observed only in diabetic patient when compared to healthy control. CONCLUSION: This study has proved that there is association between neutrophil dysfunction and severity of periodontal diseases. Hence, further longitudinal and clinical trials with larger sample size and newer sensitive techniques are needed.

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