Effect of Excess Iodine Intake from Iodized Salt and/or Groundwater Iodine on Thyroid Function in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Women, Infants, and Children: A Multicenter Study in East Africa
Rattachement africain : ch, cu, in, ca, Tanzanie, Kenya, Mali, Djibouti, gb. Niveau de preuve : code pays fourni par la source.
Le résumé fourni par la source
BACKGROUND: Acute excess iodine intake can damage the thyroid, but the effects of chronic excess iodine intake are uncertain. Few data exist for pregnant and lactating women and infants exposed to excessive iodine intake. METHODS: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study. At study sites in rural Kenya and urban Tanzania previously reporting iodine excess in children, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyrotropin, total thyroxine, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured in school-age children (SAC), women of reproductive age, pregnant (PW) and lactating women, and breast-feeding and weaning infants. In a national study in Djibouti, UIC was measured in SAC and PW. At all sites, daily iodine intake was estimated based on UIC, and iodine concentration was measured in household salt and drinking water. RESULTS: The total sample size was 4636: 1390, 2048, and 1198 subjects from Kenya, Tanzania, and Djibouti, respectively. In Kenya and Tanzania: (i) median UIC was well above thresholds for adequate iodine nutrition in all groups and exceeded the threshold for excess iodine intake in SAC; (ii) iodine concentrations >40 mg of iodine/kg were found in approximately 55% of household salt samples; (iii) iodine concentrations ≥10 μg/L were detected in 9% of drinking water samples; (iv) Tg was elevated in all population groups, but the prevalence of thyroid disorders was negligible, except that 5-12% of women of reproductive age had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 10-15% of PW were hypothyroxinemic. In Djibouti: (i) the median UIC was 335 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR] = 216-493 μg/L) in SAC and 265 μg/L (IQR = 168-449 μg/L) in PW; (ii) only 1.6% of Djibouti salt samples (n = 1200) were adequately iodized (>15 mg/kg); (iii) the median iodine concentration in drinking water was 92 μg/L (IQR = 37-158 μg/L; n = 77). In all countries, UIC was not significantly correlated with salt or water iodine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Although iodine intake was excessive and Tg concentrations were elevated, there was little impact on thyroid function. Chronic excess iodine intake thus appears to be well tolerated by women, infants, and children. However, such high iodine intake is unnecessary and should be avoided. Careful evaluation of contributions from both iodized salt and groundwater iodine is recommended before any review of iodization policy is considered.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Effect of Excess Iodine Intake from Iodized Salt and/or Groundwater Iodine on Thyroid Function in Nonpregnant and Pregnant Women, Infants, and Children: A Multicenter Study in East Africa
- Date Crossref
- 01/09/2018
- Éditeur
- SAGE Publications
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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ETH Zurich pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Instituto de Nutricion e Higiene de los Alimentos pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
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Global Development Network pays non établi dans la noticeInstitution
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Stem Cell Network pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center Tanzanie (code pays fourni par la source)Structure de recherche
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Ontario Stroke Network pays non établi dans la noticeOrganisation à but non lucratif
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Ministry of Health Preventive Services Department Dar es Salaam, Tanzanie (code pays fourni par la source)Organisme public
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University Children's Hospital Zurich Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition pays non établi dans la noticeÉtablissement de santé
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Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Department of Food Science Nairobi, Kenya (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Mali (code pays fourni par la source)Structure de recherche
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University of Djibouti Djibouti (code pays fourni par la source)Université ou école supérieure
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United Nations Children's Fund India pays non établi dans la noticeInstitution
ETH Zurich, Instituto de Nutricion e Higiene de los Alimentos et Global Development Network, avec 9 autres affiliations. Pays d’affiliation : Tanzanie, Kenya, Mali, Djibouti.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.