Missing monkey found: Vanzolini's bald-faced saki monkey Pithecia vanzolinii

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Urgent conservation of Buchanania barberi (Anacardiaceae) in Kerala, IndiaThe evergreen tree Buchanania barberi Gamble of the family Anacardiaceae is endemic to the South Western Ghats of Kerala, India.The first herbarium specimen of the species was collected in Nadarai, Thiruvananthapuram, in  by C.A. Barber and the species was described by J.S. Gamble in  (J.S. Gamble, , Notes of the Flora of Madras.Kew Bulletin, ).The species was categorized as Endangered in the Red Data Book of Indian Plants in  and as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red list in .The species was rediscovered by staff of the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) in the Palode region of Thiruvananthapuram in  (Santhosh Kumar et al., , Rheedea, , -).In  the species was included in the national priority list of endangered plants.In  Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK, made a grant to JNTBGRI to support research on this species.A total of  field surveys were carried out in the Palode region (c. m altitude) from July  to June .Four individuals were recorded, of which two were adult and two were juvenile trees.The area of occupancy of the species is , km  .This species has no clonal growth and propagates by seeds.Our surveys and information obtained from interviews with local people reveal: () low fruit production despite high levels of flowering () no record of establishment of seedlings, () consumption of the fruits by birds, () low seed germination as a result of dormancy and unfavourable conditions, and () the impact of development programmes in the area, especially road expansion.Our research on seed collected in April  indicates delayed germination with dormancy.Experimentation with methods to break dormancy and establish seedlings are being carried out.Further research and surveys are required in South Kerala, with the help of local forest range officers and taxonomists, to elucidate fully the conservation status of this rare and Critically Endangered species.We acknowledge support from Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK (grant no.A).

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