Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of isogentisin from Gentiana lutea L. roots by response surface methodology

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Plants belonging to the Gentianaceae family, known for their bitter taste, are used in traditional medicine dominantly against loss of appetite. On the other hand, their hepatoprotective, adaptogenic and antiinflamatory activities are postulated from various experiments [1]. Medicinal properties of Gentiana species are influenced by the presence of numerous biologically active compounds such as iridoids, xanthones and flavonoids. The present study reports on the extraction of xanthone isogentisin from Gentiana lutea root, well known as a potent inhibitor of type A and B monoamine oxidase [2]. Central composite design (CCD) based on four factors and five levels was used to investigate the effects of studied extraction variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Optimization of extraction conditions including extraction time (10 – 60 min), ethanol concentration (20 – 96%), solid to solvent ratio (1:10 to 1:50) and extraction temperature (20 – 80 0 C) was done using response surface methodology (RSM). HPLC-DAD chromatography was used to investigate variability of the isogentisin concentration. Both quantitative modelling and response surface methodology suggested that extraction temperature was the most important parameter for UAE of isogentisin from yellow gentian roots. According to our results the optimal conditions for isogentisin extraction were determined as temperature 80 0 C, ethanol concentration 47%, solid to solvent ratio 1:10 and extraction time of 10 min. Optimal extraction afforded an extract enriched in isogentisin, with its experimental concentration being very close to the predicted ones (6.60 mg/g dw). Acknowledgements: To Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Serbia, project number 46013.

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