Does Milk Intake Play a Specific Role in the Pathogenesis of Kidney Stones?

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specifying the type).In addition, the variables collected for each patient and control provide demographic data (gender, age, height and weight) and information on the type of stones and the number of episodes of colic up to completion of the questionnaire (patients only) (Tables 1,2).Although the type of the kidney stones was not known in all the patients, most of the calculi analysed were calcium oxalate kidney stones, like observed in the general population (Table 1). Statistical analysisDescriptive analysis was performed for each variable, including frequency distribution of the variables and calculation of the elementary statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) for the quantitative variables in patients and controls.Distribution was determined using Chi-square tests.Student's t-test was used to assess quantitative variables.Thereafter, logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the importance of each factor on the probability of being patients or controls.In addition to food intake, BMI (calculated on weight and height and split into ≤25 or >25 kg/m 2 ), age (≤50 years or >50 years) and gender were taken into consideration.A backwards variable selection method was adopted where p<0.05 (Wald's test) was minimum threshold.The odds ratio and 95% confidence limits were calculated for the other variables present in the final model.All the analysis was performed using SAS V8.2 software for Windows.

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