Correlation of structural, magnetic, and electronic transitions of a novel charge-gradient YBa2Cu3O∇x film

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Comprehensive investigations of superconductivity in the charge-doped high-temperature superconducting cuprates often involve examining the evolution of physical properties within a series of samples having controlled variations of some dopant element---most frequently oxygen. Many important observations have been extracted from such experiments, however, the associated measurements are by nature discrete snapshots of the evolving material. We demonstrate here a novel approach to sample preparation of the $\text{high-}{\mathit{\text{T}}}_{c}$ cuprate ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{x}$. By post-annealing a uniformly overdoped ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{x}(x\ensuremath{\approx}7.0)$ film in a low pressure ${\text{O}}_{2}$ atmosphere with a thermal gradient across the film length, we have successfully grown a charge-gradient ${\text{YBa}}_{2}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{\ensuremath{\nabla}x}$ sample, i.e., a film having a varying oxygen doping level along the length of the substrate. Surprisingly, we observe three distinct regimes of oxygen distribution across the sample, as well as behavior pointing to a full alignment within the a-b plane.

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