HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA NO MARANHÃO: PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS / SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN MARANHÃO: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

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Introducao : Hipertensao Arterial Sistemica (HAS) e um desafio para a saude publica do Brasil. Objetivo : Estimar prevalencia da HAS e fatores associados na populacao de adultos residentes nos seis municipios mais populosos do Maranhao. Metodos : Realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional com amostragem por conglomerados com 1.051 pessoas entre 20 e 59 anos de idade. Foi utilizado questionario estruturado e aferidas pressao arterial, peso, altura e cintura abdominal. Foram estimadas prevalencias de HAS e taxas de HAS autoreferida e controlada. Para estimativas da razao de prevalencias e intervalo de confianca de 95% foi utilizado o modelo de regressao de Poisson no programa Stata® 10.0. Resultados : A prevalencia de hipertensao arterial foi de 23,1% (IC 20,5% a 25,6%) e maior no sexo masculino (25,7%) que no feminino (21,3%). A taxa de HAS autoreferida foi de 13,6% e destes 27,3% apresentaram pressao arterial (PA) elevada. Dentre os 907 individuos (86,4%) que nao referiram ser hipertensos, 4,5% estavam com PA elevada. Na analise ajustada permaneceram associados a HAS: idade igual ou superior a 30 anos, sendo mais prevalente a faixa etaria de 50 a 59 anos (RP=4,23 IC95% 3,18 – 5,62), cor preta da pele (RP= 1,32 IC95% 1,02 - 1,71), cintura abdominal alterada (RP=1,72 IC95% 1,30 - 2,29). Conclusao : Idade acima de 30 anos, cor preta da pele e obesidade central foram os fatores que tiveram associacao estatisticamente significante com a HAS. Mais de um quarto dos entrevistados que referiram ser hipertensos estavam com PA alterada, indicando situacoes passiveis de intervencao. Palavras-chave : Hipertensao, Epidemiologia, Prevalencia. Abstract Introduction : Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a challenge for public health in Brazil. Objective : To estimate the prevalence of SAH and associated factors in the adult population from the six most populous municipalities of Maranhao. Methods : A cross-sectional study was performed with population-based random sampling process with conglomerates. 1051 individuals with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years participated of this study. It was used a structured questionnaire and we measured the blood pressure (BP), weight, height and waist circumference. We estimated the prevalence of SAH and the rates of controlled and self-reported SAH. In order to estimate the prevalence ratio and the confidence interval of 95% we used Poisson regression model using the software Stata® 10.0. Results : The prevalence of SAH was 23.1% (IC 20.5% to 25.6%) and higher among males (25.7%) in comparison to females (21.3%). The rate of self-reported hypertension was 13.6% and of these 27.3% had high blood pressure. Among the 907 individuals (86.4%) who didn't reported hypertension, 4.5% had high blood pressure. In the adjusted analysis the following factors remained associated with hypertension: age less than 30 years, being the more prevalent age group of 50 to 59 years (PR=4.23; 95% CI: 3.18 to 5.62), black skin (PR=1.32; 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.71), abnormal waist circumference (PR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.29). Conclusion : Age above 30 years, black skin and central obesity were the factors that were significantly associated with hypertension. Over a quarter of respondents who reported hypertension were with high blood pressure, indicating liable situations to intervention. Keywords : Hypertension, epidemiology, prevalence.

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