Intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for leptomeningeal disease: A case series and systematic review
Manav Daftari, Christian K. Ramsoomair, Anurag Aka, Vratko Himič et autres
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising for leptomeningeal disease (LMD), but systemic delivery is limited by poor cerebrospinal fluid penetration and treatment-related toxicity. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of adjunctive intrathecal (IT) ICI therapy compared with systemic ICI alone. We …
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Neurosurgical Review