International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for gastric cancer (2025 version)
Zheng Liu, Zhexue Wang, Yang Liu, Zhiqiang Ma et autres
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health burden, and minimally invasive approaches have become a primary focus in surgical oncology. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for GC integrates laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with specimen retrieval via natural orifices, aiming to …