{"item": {"cve_id": "CVE-2025-31161", "ghsa_id": "", "osv_id": "", "title": "CVE-2025-31161", "description": "CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka \"Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access.\" A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.", "published_at": "2025-04-03T20:15:25.373", "modified_at": "2026-06-17T09:09:56.440", "vendor": "Crushftp", "product": "Crushftp", "affected_versions": ["10", "11"], "fixed_versions": [], "cvss_score": 9.8, "cvss_version": "3.1", "cvss_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "severity": "CRITICAL", "epss_score": 0.99966, "epss_percentile": 0.99977, "epss_date": "2026-10-06", "is_kev": true, "kev_date": "2025-04-07", "kev_due_date": "2025-04-28", "kev_action": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.", "cwe_ids": ["CWE-305"], "attack_vector": "NETWORK", "attack_complexity": "LOW", "privileges_required": "NONE", "user_interaction": "NONE", "references": ["https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo", "https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/", "https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis", "https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass", "https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation", "https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation", "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/", "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability", "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability", "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161"], "source_urls": {"NVD": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161", "CVE.org": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31161", "CISA": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161", "FIRST EPSS": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31161"}, "patch_available": null, "workaround_available": null, "sources": ["NVD", "CVE.org", "CISA", "FIRST EPSS"], "reference_items": [{"url": "https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis", "tags": ["Exploit", "Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass", "tags": ["Exploit", "Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation", "tags": ["Press/Media Coverage"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation", "tags": ["Exploit", "Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/", "tags": ["Press/Media Coverage"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability", "tags": ["Exploit", "Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability", "tags": ["Mitigation", "Third Party Advisory"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}, {"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161", "tags": ["US Government Resource", "government-resource"], "source": "NVD", "name": ""}], "cvss_v4_score": null, "cvss_v4_vector": "", "cvss_v4_severity": "", "nvd_status": "Analyzed", "cna": "mitre", "date_reserved": "2025-03-27T00:00:00.000Z", "ssvc": {"options": {"Exploitation": "active", "Automatable": "yes", "Technical Impact": "total"}, "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2025-08-15T19:11:52.009095Z", "role": "CISA Coordinator"}, "affected_products": [{"vendor": "Crushftp", "product": "Crushftp", "ranges": ["de 10.0.0 à 10.8.4 (exclue)", "de 11.0.0 à 11.3.1 (exclue)"], "first_unaffected": ["10.8.4", "11.3.1"], "source": "NVD"}], "kev_name": "CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability", "kev_short_description": "CrushFTP contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the HTTP authorization header that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to authenticate to any known or guessable user account (e.g., crushadmin), potentially leading to a full compromise. ", "kev_ransomware": "Known", "kev_notes": "https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161", "kev_cwes": ["CWE-305"], "wordfence_id": "", "mentions_sources": [], "version_match": "unknown", "risk_score": 89, "risk_class": "Urgent", "impact": {"confidentialite": "élevé", "integrite": "élevé", "disponibilite": "élevé", "summary": "Un attaquant exploitant cette vulnérabilité pourrait, selon les conditions décrites par les sources, exploitable à distance (réseau), sans authentification préalable, affecter la confidentialité des données, l'intégrité du système et la disponibilité du service.", "basis": "CVSS 3.1"}, "mechanism": "Accès mémoire hors limites.", "mitigation": {"correction": {"available": true, "text": "Mettre à jour : selon les sources, ne sont plus concernées les versions à partir de Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1."}, "mitigation": {"specific": "1 source publie une mesure de contournement étiquetée comme telle : consultez-la avant d'agir, elle fait foi.", "general": ["Maintenir le produit à jour et activer les mises à jour de sécurité.", "Restreindre l'exposition réseau du service au strict nécessaire.", "Appliquer le principe du moindre privilège.", "Surveiller les journaux et les alertes de sécurité."], "specific_links": ["https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability"]}, "containment": {"applicable": true, "actions": ["Action recommandée par la CISA : Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.", "Isoler ou restreindre l'accès au service concerné.", "Restreindre les flux réseau entrants/sortants liés au composant.", "Renforcer la surveillance des journaux et des accès.", "Désactiver temporairement le composant vulnérable si l'activité le permet."]}, "note": "Priorité aux consignes officielles de l'éditeur et des références. Vérifiez toujours l'avis de sécurité avant toute intervention en production.", "official_links": [{"url": "https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo", "groupe": "avis_editeur", "groupe_titre": "Avis de sécurité de l'éditeur", "editeur": "", "domaine": "crushftp.com"}, {"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability", "groupe": "contournement", "groupe_titre": "Mesures de contournement", "editeur": "", "domaine": "www.vicarius.io"}]}, "plain": {"verdict": "now", "verdict_label": "Exploité par des attaquants · à traiter aujourd'hui", "verdict_css": "now", "verdict_rank": 0, "headline": "Le contrôle du mot de passe peut être contourné, à distance et sans compte", "headline_is_derived": true, "action": "Mettre à jour vers Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1 ou plus récent, version publiée comme non concernée.", "action_kind": "update", "concerned": [{"version": "Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1 ou plus récent", "state": "safe", "state_label": "Non concerné", "todo": "Rien à faire. Gardez les mises à jour automatiques activées."}, {"version": "10, 11", "state": "hit", "state_label": "Concerné", "todo": "Mettre à jour vers Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1 ou plus récent, version publiée comme non concernée."}, {"version": "Je ne connais pas ma version", "state": "unknown", "state_label": "À vérifier", "todo": "La version s'affiche généralement dans le menu « À propos » ou « Aide » du logiciel."}], "steps": [{"title": "Sauvegarder avant d'intervenir", "detail": "Une copie récente des données et de la configuration. Si votre hébergeur propose une sauvegarde en un clic, c'est le moment.", "duration": "10 min", "priority": false}, {"title": "Mettre à jour vers Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1 ou plus récent, version publiée comme non concernée", "detail": "C'est la correction officielle. Tant qu'elle n'est pas appliquée, les autres mesures ne sont que temporaires.", "duration": "15 à 45 min", "priority": true}, {"title": "En attendant : réduire l'exposition sur Internet", "detail": "La faille est exploitable à distance. Limiter l'accès au service depuis l'extérieur (pare-feu, filtrage d'adresses, VPN) réduit fortement le risque.", "duration": "30 min", "priority": false}, {"title": "Vérifier que vous n'avez pas déjà été touché", "detail": "Cette faille est activement exploitée. Contrôler les comptes créés récemment, les connexions inhabituelles et les fichiers modifiés depuis la date de publication.", "duration": "30 min", "priority": true}, {"title": "Confirmer que tout fonctionne encore", "detail": "Après correction : page d'accueil, connexion, et les deux ou trois fonctions dont vous vous servez tous les jours.", "duration": "10 min", "priority": false}], "exploited": true, "exploited_label": "Oui, des attaques réelles sont constatées", "fixed_label": "Crushftp 10.8.4, Crushftp 11.3.1 (non concernée selon les sources)", "affected_label": "10, 11"}, "severity_display": "Critique", "cvss_is_legacy": false, "risk_score_computable": true, "identifier": "CVE-2025-31161", "severity_fr": "Critique", "epss_pct": 100.0, "source_records": [{"source": "NVD", "label": "NVD, NIST", "date_label": "Publié dans la base", "date": "2025-04-03", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161"}, {"source": "CVE.org", "label": "CVE.org, programme CVE", "date_label": "Publié par l'organisme CNA", "date": "2025-04-03", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31161"}, {"source": "CISA", "label": "CISA KEV", "date_label": "Ajout au catalogue", "date": "2025-04-07", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161"}, {"source": "FIRST EPSS", "label": "FIRST EPSS", "date_label": "Score daté du", "date": "2026-10-06", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31161"}], "exploit_public": true, "reseau_sans_auth": true, "exposition": "À distance, sans compte et sans action d'un utilisateur", "owasp": [{"code": "A07", "nom": "Défaillances d'authentification", "nom_officiel": "Authentication Failures", "slug": "a07-defaillances-d-authentification", "libelle": "A07:2025 Défaillances d'authentification", "url_officielle": "https://top10.owasp.org/2025/A07_2025-Authentication_Failures/"}]}, "presentation": {"en_bref": [{"question": "Est-elle attaquée ?", "ton": "alerte", "reponse": "Oui, attaques constatées", "source": "Catalogue CISA KEV"}, {"question": "Existe-t-il un correctif ?", "ton": "bon", "reponse": "Oui : 10.8.4, 11.3.1", "source": "Versions publiées comme non concernées"}, {"question": "Comment l'attaquer ?", "ton": "alerte", "reponse": "À distance, sans compte et sans action d'un utilisateur", "source": "Vecteur CVSS publié"}, {"question": "Risque d'exploitation", "ton": "alerte", "reponse": "100,0 % sur 30 jours", "source": "Plus probable que 100 % des failles connues"}], "references": [{"cle": "avis_editeur", "titre": "Avis de sécurité de l'éditeur", "explication": "La parole de l'éditeur du produit : elle fait foi pour savoir quoi installer.", "items": [{"url": "https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo", "domaine": "crushftp.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Avis de l'éditeur"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}]}, {"cle": "contournement", "titre": "Mesures de contournement", "explication": "Ce qu'on peut faire en attendant le correctif, quand une source en publie.", "items": [{"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability", "domaine": "www.vicarius.io", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Mesure de contournement", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}]}, {"cle": "avis_tiers", "titre": "Avis d'autorités et d'organismes tiers", "explication": "CERT, agences gouvernementales, bases de vulnérabilités, chercheurs.", "items": [{"url": "https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/", "domaine": "outpost24.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}, {"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161", "domaine": "www.cisa.gov", "editeur": "CISA", "etiquettes": ["Ressource gouvernementale américaine", "Ressource gouvernementale"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}]}, {"cle": "analyse", "titre": "Analyses, tickets et discussions", "explication": "Pour comprendre le défaut : description technique, ticket, liste de diffusion.", "items": [{"url": "https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation", "domaine": "www.darkreading.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Article de presse"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}, {"url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/", "domaine": "www.infosecurity-magazine.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Article de presse"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false}]}, {"cle": "exploit", "titre": "Codes d'exploitation référencés", "explication": "Les sources signalent un code d'exploitation public. Par prudence, CyberAlert affiche le site qui l'héberge sans lien direct : l'information utile ici est son existence, qui rend la faille plus facile à attaquer.", "items": [{"url": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis", "domaine": "attackerkb.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Code d'exploitation", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": false, "casse": false}, {"url": "https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass", "domaine": "projectdiscovery.io", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Code d'exploitation", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": false, "casse": false}, {"url": "https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation", "domaine": "www.huntress.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Code d'exploitation", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": false, "casse": false}, {"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability", "domaine": "www.vicarius.io", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Code d'exploitation", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": false, "casse": false}]}], "liens_correction": [{"url": "https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo", "domaine": "crushftp.com", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Avis de l'éditeur"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false, "groupe": "avis_editeur", "groupe_titre": "Avis de sécurité de l'éditeur"}, {"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability", "domaine": "www.vicarius.io", "editeur": "", "etiquettes": ["Mesure de contournement", "Avis d'un tiers"], "nom": "", "lien": true, "casse": false, "groupe": "contournement", "groupe_titre": "Mesures de contournement"}], "nb_exploits": 4, "cvss": {"version": "3.1", "vecteur": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "metriques": [{"code": "AV", "nom": "Vecteur d'attaque", "valeur": "Réseau (à distance, y compris par Internet)", "brut": "N", "explication": "D'où l'attaquant doit agir."}, {"code": "AC", "nom": "Complexité de l'attaque", "valeur": "Faible", "brut": "L", "explication": "Conditions hors du contrôle de l'attaquant."}, {"code": "PR", "nom": "Privilèges requis", "valeur": "Aucun (pas de compte)", "brut": "N", "explication": "Droits dont l'attaquant a besoin avant d'attaquer."}, {"code": "UI", "nom": "Interaction de l'utilisateur", "valeur": "Aucune", "brut": "N", "explication": "Une victime doit-elle cliquer ou ouvrir quelque chose ?"}, {"code": "S", "nom": "Portée", "valeur": "Inchangée", "brut": "U", "explication": "L'attaque peut-elle toucher d'autres composants que celui qui est vulnérable ?"}, {"code": "C", "nom": "Confidentialité", "valeur": "Élevé", "brut": "H", "explication": "Accès à des informations protégées."}, {"code": "I", "nom": "Intégrité", "valeur": "Élevé", "brut": "H", "explication": "Modification de données ou du système."}, {"code": "A", "nom": "Disponibilité", "valeur": "Élevé", "brut": "H", "explication": "Arrêt ou ralentissement du service."}], "calculateur": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "specification": "https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.1/specification-document"}, "cvss4": null, "cwe": [{"id": "CWE-305", "nom": "", "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/305.html"}], "owasp": [{"code": "A07", "nom": "Défaillances d'authentification", "nom_officiel": "Authentication Failures", "slug": "a07-defaillances-d-authentification", "libelle": "A07:2025 Défaillances d'authentification", "url_officielle": "https://top10.owasp.org/2025/A07_2025-Authentication_Failures/"}], "ssvc": {"lignes": [{"nom": "Exploitation", "valeur": "Exploitation active constatée", "brut": "active"}, {"nom": "Automatisable", "valeur": "Oui : l'attaque peut être enchaînée sans intervention humaine", "brut": "yes"}, {"nom": "Impact technique", "valeur": "Total : contrôle complet du composant ou de ses informations", "brut": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "date": "2025-08-15", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/stakeholder-specific-vulnerability-categorization-ssvc"}, "chronologie": [{"date": "2025-03-27", "libelle": "Identifiant réservé", "qui": "Programme CVE"}, {"date": "2025-04-03", "libelle": "Publication de la vulnérabilité", "qui": "mitre"}, {"date": "2025-04-07", "libelle": "Ajout au catalogue des failles exploitées", "qui": "CISA"}, {"date": "2025-04-28", "libelle": "Échéance de correction fixée par la CISA", "qui": "CISA"}, {"date": "2025-08-15", "libelle": "Décision SSVC publiée", "qui": "CISA"}, {"date": "2026-06-17", "libelle": "Dernière mise à jour de la fiche source", "qui": "Source"}, {"date": "2026-10-06", "libelle": "Calcul du score EPSS affiché", "qui": "FIRST"}], "liens_officiels": [{"nom": "NVD (NIST)", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Fiche de référence : CVSS, CPE, références étiquetées."}, {"nom": "CVE.org", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Enregistrement officiel publié par l'organisme qui a attribué l'identifiant."}, {"nom": "CISA KEV", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Entrée du catalogue des failles activement exploitées."}, {"nom": "FIRST EPSS", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Score de probabilité d'exploitation du jour."}, {"nom": "OSV.dev", "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Paquets open source concernés et versions corrigées."}, {"nom": "GitHub Advisory Database", "url": "https://github.com/advisories?query=CVE-2025-31161", "description": "Avis de sécurité des dépendances logicielles."}], "produits": [{"vendor": "Crushftp", "product": "Crushftp", "ranges": ["de 10.0.0 à 10.8.4 (exclue)", "de 11.0.0 à 11.3.1 (exclue)"], "first_unaffected": ["10.8.4", "11.3.1"], "source": "NVD"}], "notes_kev": ["https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update", "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161"]}, "consulted_at": "2026-10-06T20:47:23.072233+00:00"}